APP Instructions for Contractors

The major salivary glands
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The salivary glands are extremely important in the process of mastication. They secrete saliva, which is the fluid of the oral cavity. We have three pairs of major salivary glands: the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands.
The salivary glands are extremely important in the process of mastication. They secrete saliva, which is the fluid of the oral cavity. We have three pairs of major salivary glands: the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands.
Drawing showing the salivary glands
The salivary glands

Parotid glands
The parotid glands, the largest of the salivary glands, lie on each side of the face, in front of the ears and across part of the masseter muscle and ramus of the mandible. The duct from the parotid gland (Stenson’s duct) opens into the oral cavity in the cheek near the maxillary second molar. These openings can be quite easily seen in a patient’s mouth.
The parotid glands are responsible for approximately twenty five percent of total saliva production and produce a serous type of saliva; that is, saliva of a more watery consistency. They are also the glands that are affected by mumps, a condition also known as parotitis.
Submandibular glands
The submandibular glands are the second largest salivary glands and produce approximately sixty to sixty five percent of total saliva. The saliva they produce is of both a serous and a mucous (thicker) consistency. These glands lie in the floor of the mouth, toward the posterior portion of the mandible.
The ducts (Whartons’s duct) of the submandibular glands run forward under the floor of the mouth and open in the midline under the tongue. It is these glands that often squirt saliva upward when the dentist is doing dental treatment for a patient.
Sublingual glands
The sublingual glands are the smallest of the salivary glands and are responsible for approximately ten percent of total saliva production. They lie under the floor of the mouth, close to the midline. The saliva they produce is mainly mucous in consistency, with a small amount that is serous. These glands have many small ducts that open into the anterior floor of the mouth under the tongue.
The duct of any salivary gland may become blocked by a calculus, that is a deposit of insoluble chalky matter. Small calculi can be removed, but with large ones the whole gland may need to be removed. Symptoms experienced by the patient many include recurrent pain and swelling, particularly before and during meals.
There are other minor salivary glands located through the rest of the oral cavity and they secrete small amounts of saliva to maintain moisture on the mucosal surfaces. ... See MoreSee Less

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